Macro environment and business operations Essay

The macro-environment consists of larger societal forces that affect entire micro-environment. The six forces making up the company’s macro-environment include demographic, economic, natural, technological, political/legal, and social-cultural forces. Companies must constantly watch and adapt to the marketing environment in order to seek opportunities and ward off threats. â€Å"The marketing environment comprises all the actors and forces influencing the company’s ability to transact business effectively with its target market† (Armstrong and Kotler 2003, p.149). In this report, use PEST to analyze macro-environment forces how to impact on PepsiCo in China. As we know, the PepsiCo was the first U.S. company to distribute its products in China after China implement reform and opening up policy in 1979. Through many years business operation in China, the company fully understands their development worldwide must adapt China’s macro-environmental various for ces and must put into practice their localization strategy â€Å"Think local, Act local†. In this report, by serious study and literature review, with refer to relevant books, journals, search information from internet. First, the company’s background is being showed. Followed by macro-environment impact on marketing activities of PepsiCo in China and macro-environment forces on PepsiCo’s marketing activities, finally, one conclusion is presented. Our conclusion that the best products and technology may fail to meet with acceptance in markets around the world because of lack of local macro-environmental awareness. In economic globalization, all companies must identify, analyze, and monitor external environmental forces and assess their current and potential impact on their business activities. Jobber (2001) stated clearly that macro-environment consist of a number of broader forces that affect not only the company but also other actors in the microenvironment. These can be grouped under demographic, economic, social-cultural, political-legal, natural and technological forces. According to Kotler and Keller (2005), in the demographic environment, marketers must be aware of worldwide population growth, changing mixes of age, ethnic composition, educational levels and the move to micromarketing and away from mass marketing. In the economic arena, marketers need to focus on income distribution and levels of savings, debt, and credit availability. In the social-cultural arena, marketers must understand people’s views of themselves, organizations, society, nature and the universe. They must market products that correspond to society’s core and secondary values, and address the needs of different subcultures within a society. In the natural environment, marketers need to be aware of raw materials shortages, increased energy costs and pollution levels, and the changing role of governments in environmental protection. In the technological arena,  marketers should take account of the accelerating pace of technological change for innovation, varying R&D budgets, and the increased governmental regulation brought about by technological change. Finally, in the political-legal environment, marketers must work within the many laws regulating business practices and with various special-interest groups. In this report, use PEST to analyze macro-environment forces how to impact on PepsiCo in China will be presented. Through many years business operation in China, the company understands their development worldwide must adapt Chinese macro-environmental various forces and must put into practice their localization strategy â€Å"Think local, Act local†. 2.0 COMPANY PROFILE â€Å"PepsiCo was founded in 1965 through the merger of Pepsi-Cola and Frito-Lay. Tropicana was acquired in 1998 and PepsiCo merged with The Quaker Oats Company, including Gatorade, in 2001. PepsiCo is a world leader in convenient foods and beverages, with 2006 revenues of more than $35 billion and 168,000 employees. PepsiCo presence in China dates back to the earlier days of the nation’s reforms. In 1981, Pepsi-Cola became one of the first American investors in China by signing an agreement with the Chinese government to build a bottling plant in Shenzhen. To date, PepsiCo has established more than 40 joint or wholly owned ventures in China with a total investment over US$1 billion, directly employing 10,000 staff† (Official website of PepsiCo). MACRO-ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ON MARKETING ACTIVITIES OF PEPSICO In analyzing the macro-environment, it is important to identify the factors that might in turn affect a number of vital variables that are likely to influence the organization’s supply and demand levels and its costs. A PEST analysis is one of them that is merely a framework that categorizes environmental influences as political/legal, economic, social/cultural and technological forces. Such external factors usually are beyond the firm’s  control and sometimes present themselves as threats. Use PEST tool to analysis macro-environment influence on PepsiCo in China is necessary.  ·The political-legal environment Before you play the game, learn the rules. Some businesspeople exhibit a remarkable lack of knowledge about marketing’s political-legal environment. Ignorance of or noncompliance with laws, ordinances, and regulations can lead to fines, embarrassing negative publicity, and possibly expensive civil damage suits. As a foreign company, PepsiCo intend to invest in China’s beverage industry which is tightly controlled and subject to government approval. According to Chinese government’s regulation, a new bottling plant currently requires about three-year wait for government approval, and concentrate production volume must be re-authorized annually. In addition, PepsiCo has a global strategy of TV advertising, PepsiCo has included everything from Chinese zodiac animals to Spring Festival couplets in its television commercials. This approach, combined with relatively long advertising history in the country has made Pepsi Cola the most recognized soft-drink brand in China. However, government’s policy and regulation can also impact on the company’s market strategy. Being a communist country, in China, although people now are very much free of expression in ordinary life, there is still no free media. The media is still very controlled by the government and there is always the risk of having more regulations especially to foreigners.  ·The economic environment The health of the economy influences how much consumers spend and what they buy. Consumer buying plays an important role in the economy’s health-indeed, consumer outlays make up some two-thirds of overall economic activity. According to Boone and Kurtz (n.d.), economic environment consists of those factors that influence consumer buying power and marketing strategies. They include the stage of business cycle, inflation, unemployment, resource availability, and income. As we know, China’s economy grew at an average  rate of 10% per year during the period 1990-2006, the highest growth rate in the world. However, Chinese inflation ran at 5.3% for the second consecutive month in August in 2006, according to official figures. PepsiCo has already met great challenge because inflation is a general rise in price resulting in decreased purchasing power. Inflation will increase the company’s costs like expense to purchase materials for production, and may lead to declini ng sales. Marketers of PepsiCo understood clearly that inflation will cause consumers to react in two ways: 1). Decrease their brand loyalty. In a recent research, most Chinese consumers are willing to use cheaper brand, and honesty, because it works just as well. 2). Stockup. â€Å"Many consumers take advantage of coupons and sales to stock up† (Hair et al. 1992, p.52). In addition, income is another important factor in marketing’s economic environment because it influences consumer buying power. The price of the product has to be affordable however there should be a premium that consumers are willing to pay for the health benefit as well as for the modern and â€Å"higher status† image it will offer. The risk here is to fail in selling the value of the product and to set the premium to be higher than consumers are willing to pay.  ·The social-cultural environment Component of the marketing environment consisting of the relationship between the marketer, society, and its culture. Doing business in China successfully requires an understanding of China as a nation and of the culture of the Chinese people. â€Å"A society’s culture determines how it members communicate and interact with each other† (Griffin & Pustay 2003, p.85). A nation’s culture can impact on foreign country’s products and service. In China, many people are very interested in soft drinks. A result of this has been growing  rates of obesity both Chinese adults and children. Due to Chinese culture, it is necessary that what they drink offers some benefits to their health. Nowadays, more and more Chinese people have already pay attention to â€Å"obesity† problem. If soft drinks can not consider healthy, although increasing their market share, this is the risk the PepsiCo have to face. In addition, â€Å"an understanding of the cultural practices in both the business and social environments is essential for being successful when doing business with Chinese companies† (Patworks LLC. 2003). Initially when PepsiCo entered into Chinese market, the company has already lost some business opportunities in China because they expected the Chinese people â€Å"do it my way†. The Chinese culture is long established and does not adapt quickly. For example, doing any business in China will require negotiation of contracts, prices, and terms, etc. The negotiation process in China, compared to Western standards, will be very slow and deliberate. One difficulty in negotiation with Chinese companies is knowing what means â€Å"no†. Culturally, saying â€Å"no† directly is seen as rude and unacceptable. Many times when the company hears â€Å"we will consider it†, it really means â€Å"no†.  ·The technological environment The technological environment represents the application to marketing of knowledge based on discoveries in science, inventions, and innovations. Major developments in technology can have enormous marketing implications because they can drastically alter industries. Despite the technological promise of this new product, the development stage of such innovations is lengthy and complex. Company must often gamble on technology to attain success, and many companies have gambled and lost. PepsiCo had spent millions of dollars working on growing salad vegetables market to fast food chain in China. Technically the venture was sound-the infrastructure was set and the product was of high quality. The company had even arranged a machine to process and packages the fresh vegetables to give them a shelf life of two weeks, therefore opening up the Chinese market. However, the quality of the company’s marketing did not match that of the  technological planning stages. The fast food chain chosen not to buy the stock and the company had nowhere to off-land its vast quantity of ripe vegetables- it had lost its markets. 4.0 MACRO-ENVIRONMENT FORCES ON PEPSICO’S MARKETING ACTIVITIES As mentioned above, in business arena, one of the difficulties facing marketing managers is that environmental forces are generally beyond their control. Marketing organizations must try to adapt changing environmental conditions. â€Å"Not only can environmental opportunity become threat; environmental threat can also become opportunity† (1989, p.55). Marketers must overcome various macro-environmental clash and barriers between Chinese macro-environment and international business.  ·The political-legal environment Laws and regulations affect all aspect of marketing operation and decision making-designing, labeling, distributing, advertising, and promoting goods and services. The management of PepsiCo realized that major regulation has already impact on their marketing activities. To cope with the vast, complex, and changing nature of the political-legal environment, many larger companies maintain in-house legal department like PepsiCo. In addition, as a foreign company, marketers must comply with China’s laws and regulations, however, noncompliance can scar a company’s reputation and hurt profits. Marketers should take steps to control forces in political-legal environment. PepsiCo has invested heavily into adapting its operations and business strategies to the local culture and practice. It currently has 24 bottling joint-ventures indirectly through two Hong Kong-based companies that it partly owns and maintains a strong market presence through partnerships with the Chinese government and domestic companies. PepsiCo has established its Asia-Pacific headquarters in Shanghai running its operations for many countries.  ·The economic environment Companies must scan, monitor, forecast, and assess the health of economies outside their host nation because nations are interconnected as a result of the global economy. Inflation rate is currently reaching to 5% in China, inflation pressures consumers to make more economical purchases. PepsiCo should realize that despite what happens to the sell’s cost, the buyer is not going to pay more for a product than the value he or she places on it. When the economy is characterized by high inflation, a series of special pricing tactics are often necessary. Marketing managers should develop an effective cost-forecasting system and use anticipatory pricing. According to Hair et al. (1992), these tactics can be subdivided into cost-oriented and demand-oriented. Cost-orientated tactics consist of delayed-quotation pricing and escalator pricing. Delay-quotation pricing is a very popular pricing tactic that price is not set on the product until item is either finished or delivered. Demand-orientated pricing methods include price shady and increasing demand through increasing selected demand, unique offering, and system selling. As we know, the Chinese people are still to well-off life and their income are not very high. The pricing strategy is a very important part of the marketing mix, because it can affect both supply and demand for a company such as PepsiCo. Therefore the company’s pricing strategy must adapt economic environment. One of the most important price factors of PepsiCo is customer’s affordability. If the price is too high, consumers will spend their money on other goods. As a multinational company, it always must appeal to Chinese consumers, especially in the era of globalization. The company have had adapt to the local economic environment in order to success. Most Chinese can afford an occasional soft drinkï ¼ a can of Coke cost RMB1.90($0.24) in Shanghai today. Due to rationality of Coke’s price, their products currently reach about 60% of China’s population.  ·The social-cultural environment The social-cultural environment is made up of institutions and other forces that affect a society’s basic value, perceptions, preferences, and behaviors. Product decisions are also affected by cultural variables. As mentioned onwards, increasingly Chinese people have already focused on â€Å"obesity† problem. If soft drinks can not consider healthy, this is the risk the PepsiCo have to face. So, PepsiCo decided to carry out a feasible solution that reduce calorie intake from soft drinks. At the same time, PepsiCo’s decision-making for product and service should also consider local customer’s purchase habits. It will also reflect a nation’s culture. For instant, the Chinese like hot, noncarbonated soft drinks with nature ingredients or herbs that they believe are good to human health, in particular, they like hot teas. Tea is so popular in China that people call it â€Å"Tea Culture†. PepsiCo realized Chinese people’s drinking habits, then they introduced Lipton Tea quickly, a line of noncarbonated drinks through cooperate with local partner. PepsiCo’s long-term strategies of localizing production promote their market share. In order to avoid lost opportunities and bring about misunderstandings, businesspeople have to realize another’s cultural background. Understanding manners and customs is especially important in negotiations. If the company expected the Chinese people â€Å"do it my way†, they will lose more chances. China has a unique culture that dates back to thousands of year, combined with the factor of about 60 years ruling of communist one-party totalitarianism. Foreign business people and companies should try to adapt quickly. Consequently, you need learn â€Å"do it their way†.  ·The technological environment â€Å"Technological trends are critically important in identifying marketing opportunities. These trends include new directions in research and development (R&D) that might lead to new products or even to new industries† (Assael 1990, p.72). For the experience of failure in new product development the company remains undaunted, they plan to return to the fast food market with salad vegetables. This time, the company promises it will  not forget the importance of inventory. PepsiCo fully understand that in the low-margin soft-drink business, one of the key competitive advantages lies on the efficiencies in every aspect of business process, from procurement of raw and semi-finished material to inventory management, from production planning to material requirements planning, from distribution to service, etc. As the leader in this industry, PepsiCo knows how critical role information technology plays in its success. In fact, it has a long history of employing advanced information technology to support its direct-store-delivery business model and management. In China, PepsiCo China use Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) implemented by UFIDA. Moreover, PepsiCo’s ultimate weapon in maintaining its market leadership is Research and Development. Since product formulations are kept as trade secrets most of the patents are related to technology that supports beverage industry. PepsiCo will use its patents to increase its market share in each and every market it serves R &D delivers true value to coke consumers worldwide. The key areas of technologies where most of the patents filed are Packaging, Vending Equipment, Fountain Equipment, Water Treatment and alternative refrigeration technologies. In China technologies related to water treatment and vending equipment will come handy in gaining market share. The company will also be forced to develop new technologies for China’s country specific use. Several new technologies will be used in designing and packing new products. Research and Development will also try to add local herbal products to add more energy to the drink and give a local flavor to the product. Research and Development will use a small-scale bottling system to test bottling runs of new product. It will make sure that the new drink can be produced and bottled in a massive scale. PepsiCo will also take its testing of new product on road and test it in various regions of China to make sure that it will be acceptable in all regions of China. 5.0 CONCLUSION â€Å"Most films face external environment that are highly turbulent, complex, and global-conditions that make interpreting them increasingly difficult† (Ireland and Hitt 1999, p.43). In today’s complex and rapidly changing environment, marketing managers need use PEST analysis to make effective and timely decisions. Understanding one nation’s macro-environment diversity that could positively impact your business relationship is the key to success in this country. The PepsiCo is a good example in this report. The PepsiCo entirely understands China’s various external environments, consumer’s behaviors and practices that localization is their long-term market strategy. As Porter (1985) stated the importance of analysis the macro-environment: every industry has an underlying structure or set of fundamental economic and technical characteristics. The strategist must learn what makes the environment tick. It can be concluded that the best products and technology may fail to meet with acceptance in markets around the world because of lack of local macro-environmental awareness. LIST OF REFERENCE Jobber D. 2001, _Principles and Practice of Marketing_, 3rd edn., McGraw-Hill Publishing Company. Philip Kotler and Kevin Lane Keller 2006, _Marketing Management_, 12nd edn., Pearson Prentice Hall Company PepsiCo 2006, viewed 26 July 2007, . Louise E. Boone and David L. Kurtz n.d. _Contemporary Marketing: plus_, 8th edn., The Dryden Press. Joseph F. Hair, Jr. and Charles W. Lamb, Jr. and Carl McDaniel 1992, _Principles of Marketing,_ South-Western Publishing Company, p.52. Ricky W. Griffin and Michael W. Pustay 2003, _International Business: A managerial Perspective_, 3rd edn., Pearson Education Inc., p.85. Patworks 2003, ‘Doing Business in China’, viewed 27 July 2007, . ‘Eight Ways to Avoid Marketing Shock’, _Sales & Marketing Management,_ April 1989, p.55. Henry Assael 1990, _Marketing: Principles & Strategy_, The Dryden Press, p.72. R. D. Ireland and M. A. Hitt 1999, ‘Achieving and Maintaining Strategic Competitiveness in the 21st Century: the Role of Strategic Leadership’, _Academy of Management Executive,_ p.43. Michael E. Porter 1985, _Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior_ _Performance_, Free Press. Gary Armstrong and Philip Kotler 2003, _Marketing: An Introduction_, 6th edn., Prentice-Hall Publishing Company, p.149.

Stefan’s Diaries: The Craving Chapter 2

I felt the veins in my face crackle with Power. My fangs came out quickly and violently, painfully ripping through my gums. Instantly I became the hunter again: balanced on my toes, fingers flexed, ready to claw. As I made my way closer to her, all my senses became even more aroused – eyes widened to capture every shadow, nostrils flared to gather in the smells. Even my skin prickled, ready to detect the slightest change in air movement, in heat, in the minute pulses that indicated life. Despite my vow, my body was more than ready to slice into the soft, dying flesh and lap up her essence. The girl was small, but not sickly or dainty. She looked to be about sixteen. Her bosom jerked as she stuggled for breath. Her hair was dark, with curls highlighted gold in the light of the rising moon. She had been wearing silk flowers and ribbons in her hair, but these, along with her tresses, had come undone, trailing out behind her head like sea foam. Her dress had a dark red slip buoyed by frothy white cotton tulle. Where her petticoats were torn, slashes of scarlet silk showed through, matching the blood that was seeping from her chest and down her bodice. One of her doeskin gloves was white, while the other was nearly black with soaked blood, as if she had tried to stanch her wound before she'd passed out. Thick, curly lashes fluttered as her eyes rolled beneath their lids. This was a girl who clung to life, who was fighting as hard as she could to stay awake and survive the violence that had befallen her. My ears could easily make out her heartbeat. Despite the girl's strength and will, it was slowing, and I could count seconds between each beat. Thud . . . Thud . . . Thud . . . Thud . . . The rest of the world was silent. It was just me, the moon, and this dying girl. Her breath was coming slower now. She would most likely be dead in mere moments, and not by my hands. I ran my tongue over my teeth. I had done my best. I had hunted down a squirrel – a squirrel – to sate my appetite. I was doing everything I could to resist the lure of my dark side, the hunger that had been slowly destroying me from within. I had refrained from using my Power. But the smell . . . Spicy, rusty, sweet. It made my head spin. It wasn't my fault she had been attacked. It wasn't I who had caused the pool of blood to form around her prone body. Just one little sip couldn't hurt. . . . I couldn't hurt her more than someone already had. . . . I shivered, a delicious pain fluttering up my spine and down my body. My muscles flexed and relaxed of their own accord. I took a step closer, so close that I could reach out and touch the red substance. Human blood would do far more than sustain me. It would fill me with warmth and Power. Nothing tasted like human blood, and nothing felt like it. Just a mouthful and I would be back to the vampire I'd been in New Orleans: invincible, lightning fast, strong. I'd be able to compel humans to do my bidding, I'd be able to drink away my guilt and embrace my darkness. I'd be a real vampire again. In that moment, I forgot everything: why I was in New York, what happened in New Orleans, why I left Mystic Falls. Callie, Katherine, Damon . . . All were lost, and I was drawn mindlessly to the source of my agony and ectasy. I knelt down in the grass. My parched lips drew back from my mouth, fangs fully exposed. One lick. One drop. One taste. I needed it so badly. And technically, I wouldn't be killing her. Technically, she would die because of someone else. Narrow streams of blood ebbed and flowed down her chest, pulsing with her heart. I leaned over, my tongue reaching forward. . . . One of her eyes fluttered open weakly, her thick lashes parting to reveal clear green eyes, eyes the color of clover and grass. The same color eyes Callie had. In my last memory of her, Callie was lying on the ground, dying, in a similar helpless pose. Callie had died of a knife wound in her back. Damon didn't even have the decency to let her defend herself. He stabbed her while she was distracted, telling me how much she loved me. And then, before I could feed her my own blood and save her, Damon threw me aside and drained her completely. He left her a dry, dead husk and then tried to kill me, too. Had it not been for Lexi, he would have succeeded. With a tortured scream, I pulled my hands back from the girl and pounded the ground. I forced the bloodlust that was in my eyes and cheeks back down to the dark place from which they came. I took a moment longer to compose myself, then pulled the girl's bodice aside to view her wound. She had been stabbed with a knife, or some other small and sharp blade. It had been shoved with near perfect precision between her breasts and into her rib cage – but had missed her heart. It was as though the attacker had wanted her to suffer, had wanted her to slowly bleed out rather than die immediately. The attacker had not left the blade behind, so I placed my teeth against my wrist and tore open the skin there. The pain helped me to focus, a good, clean pain compared to that of my fangs coming out. With incredible effort I pushed my wrist to her mouth and squeezed my fist. I had so little blood to spare – this would nearly kill me. I had no idea if it would even work now that I was feeding just on animals. Thump-thump. Pause. Thump-thump. Pause. Her heart continued to slow. â€Å"Come on,† I pleaded, my teeth gritted in pain. â€Å"Come on.† The first few drops of blood hit her lips. She winced, stirring slightly. Her mouth parted, desperate. With all my strength, I squeezed my wrist, pushing the blood out of my vein and into her mouth. When it finally hit her tongue she almost gagged. â€Å"Drink,† I ordered. â€Å"It will help. Drink.† She turned her head. â€Å"No,† she mumbled. Ignoring her feeble protests, I shoved my wrist against her mouth, forcing the blood into her. She moaned, still trying not to swallow. A wind picked up around us, rustling her skirts. An earthworm dug itself deeper into the soft, moist earth, avoiding the cold air of the night. And then she stopped fighting. Her lips closed down on the wound in my wrist, and her soft tongue sought out the source of my blood. She began to suck. Thump-thump. Thumpthump. Thump thump thump. Her hand, the one in the blood-soaked glove, came fluttering up weakly and grasped my arm, trying to draw it closer to her face. She wanted more. I understood her desire all too well, but I had no more to offer. â€Å"That's enough,† I said, feeling faint myself. I gently disengaged my arm despite her mewling cries. Her heart was beating more regularly now. â€Å"Who are you? Where do you live?† I asked. She whimpered and clung to me. â€Å"Open your eyes,† I ordered. She did, once again revealing her Callie-green eyes. â€Å"Tell me where you live,† I compelled her, the world spinning around me as I used the very last remaining drops of my Power. â€Å"Fifth Avenue,† she answered dreamily. I tried not to grow impatient. â€Å"Where on Fifth Avenue?† â€Å"Seventy-third Street . . . One East Seventy-third Street . . .† she whispered. I scooped her up, a perfumed confection of silk and gauze and lace and warm, human flesh. Her curls brushed my face, tickling across my cheek and neck. Her eyes were still closed and she hung limply in my arms. Blood, either hers or mine, dripped down into the dust. I gritted my teeth and began to run.

Choose one of the specifeic food u like, make an argument, and write Essay

Choose one of the specifeic food u like, make an argument, and write about it - Essay Example In that context, it may sound strange, but canned and frozen foods and vegetables are a veritable source of nutrition, which satisfy a range of consumer choices and expectations. Though canned and frozen foods and vegetables happen to be processed foods, yet the good thing is that they provide people with the much needed nutrition, in a safe, convenient and cost effective manner, while complying with the environmental norms and criteria. The one amazing thing about canned and frozen foods and vegetables is that they have a high nutrition value and content (Belasco 57). It is a fact that fresh foods like fruits and vegetables do lose much nutrition during transit to the stores. In contrast, the canned and frozen foods and vegetables are processed when the food items are still fresh and thereby have a high nutrition value. The processing of fruits and vegetables resorts to an array of traditional activities like peeling and cutting and the subsequent boiling or freezing of the available fresh foods. Thereby, once the fresh fruits and vegetables are canned or frozen, their nutrition potential gets preserved and remains intact for a long period of time. The consumers can consume these canned and frozen foods while benefiting from their high nutrition value. Going by the hectic schedules and scarcity of time that the contemporary consumers have to contend with, canned and frozen foods and vegetables are indeed convenient and save on time (Belasco 70). Canned and frozen foods do save on time in the sense that they are cut, peeled and cooked in advance, and can thereby be readily consumed without resorting to any elaborate processing or cooking procedure. The same cannot be said of the fresh foods, vegetables and fruits. Besides, canned and frozen foods and vegetables are also convenient as they allow the consumers an

Coffin and Mummy of Paankhenamun Research Paper

Coffin and Mummy of Paankhenamun - Research Paper Example The illustration of the mummy of Paankhenamun is superb pieces of craft made by Egyptians artists during the period before Christ. It is avidly painted coffin of a deceased man named Paankhenamun, the gatekeeper of the temple of the Amun god. Therefore, the artwork reveals the way ancient Egyptians for ritualistic culmination functions and their beliefs of life after death. The mummy case is a wall piece of art resulting from the third, middle period, which is a decentralized period and fragmented end of the Egyptian bureaucracy. The artwork was done for a specific patron. The work was performed to reconstruct the cultural beliefs of the early Egyptians. Therefore, the artwork was meant for a certain person known as Paankhenamun who was the gatekeeper of the temple of the Amun god, thus his name meant that he lived for the Amun (Maria and Clarke 121). The art works is museum collection of artistic features placed in the institute or art, in Chicago. The artwork is a representation fo r the coffin for Paankhenamun; thus, the artwork provides a complex picture of mummification and the existence of the goddess of ancient Egyptians as indicated in figure 1. The case is significant because it reveals the way the ancient people view certain subjects. The ancient Egyptian culture believed that there was a life power, and the spirit existed inside the deceased. Therefore, they performed mummification as a ritual process of preserving the physical features of the deceased person in order to enable the body to dwell in the eternal life. The funeral psychology of the ancient Egyptian culture is that the death did not mean the end of life of an individual. However, it was an escape from the physical, human life and a gateway to everlasting being. Many ancient people believed that their life span was short; thus, they believed in life after death where they would be with their gods. Therefore, the mummification method enabled them to maintain the goddesses and royalty. The p reservation method was to enable the deceased to come back to life. Interestingly, the X-rays revealed that the case of the mummy of Paankhenamun contains mummy inside that dates from the 945 to715 B.C (Maria and Clarke 79). The function of the artwork of the mummy case was for ritualistic culmination functions. The coffin was used in the funeral feast and offering scene thus the decorative relief work of the coffin played significant roles to the ancient Egyptians. The entire decoration process of the coffin and the decorative features included in the surrounding walls reveals the celebration of life after death with his family members. The kinsmen delight in the soul nourishment and they give their sacrifices to the gods in favor of the departed. For instance, the inscription that cuts across the perimeter of the scene is significant. This is because it is an offering formula or way through, which the Egyptians perform the funerary feast in different ways. Moreover, the painted sc ene plays a significant role of primarily prayer representation. When focusing on the paintings, one will encounter various inscription represented on the offering table and scattered all over the room. The top of the table has slices of bread on top of it is a monumental leg of an ox (James, Mancoff, Kozitka, and Steinmann 122). There are bottles of beer on the side of the table and some geese; thus, they all represent the funeral offerings meant to appease the

Articles Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Articles Review - Essay Example Given these trends in the past (with respect to the transportation of items), the articles raises doubts through the questions of a number of researchers whether a similar trend would influence the working of the super information highway of modern times, which is popularly known as the Internet. The article says that one of the most prominent reasons for the growth of the internet has been the 'openness' and 'uniform' feature of the net that has made no distinction between the type of information being transferred. In order to support this claim, the article cites a paper published by Andrew odlyzko that talks about the willingness of telecom companies towards introducing a pricing system for different types of information that would be transferred through their networks. The article also discusses about how deviations in the earlier pricing and tariff systems were used indiscriminately, which caused an outburst among the people. The government and the regulatory bodies of those times then had to step in so as to bring about the requisite changes that ensured smooth transport of goods thereafter. While the article says that such price discrimination has in the past worked towards reversing the fortunes of some places such as Beverly beck, it also raises questions as to whether changes to the uniform pricing of internet based services would have similar effects. In view of this argument, the article ultimately concludes that the given the enormous size of the Internet, a flat based system would work much better and encourage users to utilize the services in an extended manner. In my opinion, price discrimination has been there all along in the modern times and it has been the trend with telecom companies that happen to be the core providers of the Internet infrastructure. one is not surprised to see the different kinds of services provided and the differing price tags that each one is attached with. Subscribers are charged different tariffs for services such as phone calls, SMS, MMS, email, multimedia etc. moreover; some companies also discriminate on the basis of the subscriber being new or a regular one, wherein the former is charged higher rates than the latter. The reason service providers have not been able to implement such a policy over the internet has been predominantly due to the fact that the providers of such services over the internet are other companies different from these providers and the mode of information transmission is bits in any case. As such, service providers as of now do not have any software or hardware applications in place th at is capable of distinguishing between the types of information by simply examining the bits being transmitted. Therefore, any possible solution towards implementing any tariff based structure on the internet by these service providers can only be possible in the current time by forging alliance with the providers of these internet based services such as chat, VoIP, entertainment etc. given the facts that the number of such software providers runs into millions and that a mighty proportion of such services are for free would make it impossible to implement a service based pricing system in absolute totality. In fact, it can be compared to the marketing strategy of Apple inc.

Resource Allocation Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Resource Allocation Report - Essay Example the project lifecycle.   Resource management begins with project initiation, when resource needs and strategies must be analyzed, specified and accepted as part of the project "charter" (IT Tool Kit, 2010). Above definition indicates that the term ‘resources’ does not only mean human resources or labor but it also covers other requirements of the project like raw material, electronics, costs, time, efforts, etc. there can be a number of things which can fall under the term ‘resources’. Resource planning falls in the initiation phase of the project life cycle where project/program manager needs to plan a feasibility of the requirement based analysis in order to form a project team, set deadlines, figure out possibility of the assigned timeline, calculate estimated costs, etc. once initial planning is done, allocation comes in. A program resource management is generally designed to have a direct connection to the overall corporate strategic plan. Composed of a series of similar projects, the goals of all projects within the program are typically consistent with one or more enterprise level strategic components (Tech Republic, 2005). Since project management is headed by project managers, resource allocation or assignment of tasks have to be handled by him in order to achieve the desired goals of the overall project. There may be over of under availability of the resources which he has to manage to achieve the three major elements that build the project; scope, budget, and schedule. This is a little different than the program management, according to which program managers have to look at the bigger picture where they have to check the availability of the resources as per all the active projects. If some resource is engaged with a particular project, he has to manage the conflict between project managers to not engage same resource in some other project. To understand project/program resource management clearly, we also need to understand portfolio

Dangers of Web 2.0 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dangers of Web 2.0 - Essay Example They may not explore a site that they do not agree with; very easily they can do another search and find what they are looking for. People tend to go to sites that have similar views or opinions as themselves.   By gaining information from traditional media sources they are exposed to many â€Å"different political and socioeconomic and cultural identities†.  Ã‚   Lanier also agrees with Keen that as Web 2.0 has progressed people have lost their individuality and joined more collective or community web sites Lanier does not like that â€Å"People tend to loose themselves in group think†. On this issue Keen and Lanier have similar thoughts on problems with Web 2.0.   It is important for people to listen and hear multiple sides of an issue.   A person should explore other theories or thoughts.   Many times they find similarities or they may even agree with the other side’s arguments if they listen to their thoughts behind their ideas.   An example of th is is a political campaign.   Many people in our society are Republican or Democrats because that is what their family’s political affiliation has been.   They have not taken the time to listen to the other political party’s thoughts on the issues and where they stand.   Many times when someone from the other party is giving a speech, they won’t listen to them.   More than likely a republican is not going to go to a democrat’s website to educate themselves on their side of the issue.

Final Question 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Final Question 1 - Essay Example In solid fuel fire such as wood contain the volatile oils that normally evaporate and burns into corresponding flames. Carbon is normally left after solid combustion then sublimates from the underlying surfaces of the hot substance thus combusting as a gas. Oxidation is a chemical change that mainly produces heat energy during the combustion process. It mainly creates sufficient heat that starts fire via creation of required oxygen that subsequently causes combustion (Horsfall, 2002). Oxidation can either add oxygen or remove hydrogen Combustion can be stopped by removal of the heat by cooling the underlying burning material, cutting the supply of either fuel or air source and adding of the chemical substances. Cooling of the material is normally done by water, which act blankets and evaporating in contact with fire thus cutting off the supply of oxygen for combustion thus halting it. Smothering agents are commonly utilized in cutting the underlying supply oxygen such as carbon dioxide and it is ought to be utilized on energized electrical equipment as the electrical conductor normally conductor electricity (Horsfall, 2002). Combustion is halted by removing the fuel supply through switching off electrical power and solid fuel. All the three process are mainly treated by carbon dioxide as the main

Business law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Business law - Assignment Example The two cases include breaches of contracts by the High Street phone shop and Nokia Phone Company. In the hotel case, the rule of liability applies where a management distances itself from responsibilities. In the phone case, customers and the dealers breach the contract. The customers have made a deal with the company and it denies. This piece of work comprehensively discusses the two cases with reference to business law. Relevant issues For any case to be filed in a court there must be relevant issues. The issues form basis for the court proceedings. In this scenario, a customer of a hotel has filed a complaint for her stolen valuables. The court must use relevant laws that are applicable to business. The customer is right to claim her properties. Though the management put a notice distancing itself from any responsibilities, the court must reconsider this provision. The goods disappeared in the hotel premises and the customer has the right to claim them or file a suit against the hotel. Freda had an important issue to attend to that gullies hotel must consider. The rule of good ethics can apply in this situation because any organization must be responsible for whatever happens in its premise (Young 2009, p.1). For sure, the customer’ valuables may have fallen into the hands of room service. The hotel is therefore compelled to explain the behaviours of its staff and it makes them responsible for the customer’s loss. Rules of law applicable to the facts of the problem The rule of legal liability applies to this case. It is defined as â€Å"obligations under law arising from the civil actions (torts) or under contract† (Antoine 2008, p.440). The courts make decisions even if the parties have decided to settle the case out of the court trough mutual agreement. Liability insurance covers torts originated liabilities and not contractual obligations. The law of that applies in this case is â€Å"duty to guest† (Scwenzer, Hachem & Kee 201 2, p.128). A common law binds innkeepers to bear responsibility if a guest looses a property while at the premise. The requirements are often contained in the innkeeper’s statute (Antoine 2008, p.510). This statute lies where the management and its staff can easily access it. It is a law that makes the hotel avoids paying liabilities to customers. However, the law can be reviewed when the court applies it to Freda’s case. For any lost property, there must be a claim. If the court decides against her, then it must also consider the future behaviour of the hotel. The management might make it a habit of not absconding responsibility to ethically wrong practices in its premise. The claimant is right to claim her belongings and the hotel must pay them. In summary, the law of guest property applies in the hotel industry but is subject to consideration if the situation implies that the management is irresponsible. The customer has suffered a loss in the hotel while attending to another important duty. In this case, a business meeting that needed her presence. May be in the process of attending the meeting, she forgot all her belonging or it would be improper to carry them to the place. The hotel is therefore responsible for the stolen property and must make payments. It is advisable for Freda to file the case in court. The hotel industry is same as hospitality industry. It should show some hospitality to customers. If Freda is does not receive compensation then it will bring a bad reputation to the whole industry. Customers closely

The US Exports Alot of Electronic Waste to Poorer Countries Essay

The US Exports Alot of Electronic Waste to Poorer Countries - Essay Example e, developing countries, well aware of involved environmental and health hazards, continue to import e-waste partly for cash, partly for reuse and /or recycling, and partly for acquiring "latest" technology at affordable prices. The United States, who refused so far to ratify Basel Convention, remains worlds biggest e-waste producer. China, India, Ghana, and Nigeria come at the receiving end. There has been efforts in the United States in order to impose stricter regulations on manufacturers of electronic products, especially given existing lax regulations overseen by Environmental Protection Agency. One such effort is a legistlation by Congressman Mike Thomson, notwithstanding criticisms. Aside from illegality of dumping e-waste on developing nations, European countries have, at least in theory, much more stricter rules and regulations on e-waste exportation comapred to the United States. A range of possible solutions has been proposed by non-for-profits, most prominently, Basel Action Network, a Seattle-based environmental group, as well as by experts in electronics manufacturing. Among solutions are suggestions to impose and enforce stricter regulations on e-waste products and to create-waste recycling programs (such as Dell and Apple did) in order to ensure a products lifecycle is managed in accordance with international environmental, health and safety

Systems Documentation Techniques Essay Example for Free

Systems Documentation Techniques Essay Question 1 1.Prepare flowcharting segments for each of the following operations: a)processing transactions stored on magnetic tape to update a master file stored on magnetic tape b)processing transactions stored on magnetic tape to update a database stored on a magnetic disk c)converting source documents to magnetic tape using a computer-based optical character reader (OCR) d)processing OCR documents online to update a database on magnetic disk e)reading data from a magnetic disk into the computer to be printed on a report f)using a computer or terminal to key data from source documents to a file stored on a magnetic disk g)manually sorting and filing invoices numerically h)using a terminal to enter source document data and send it to a remote location where an online processing system records it in a database stored on magnetic disk i)a scheduled automatic backup of an internal hard drive to an external hard drive j)using a terminal to query customer sales data maintained on a magnetic disk k)enter employee hours recorded on time cards in the payroll transaction  file maintained on disk and update wage data maintained on the payroll master file l)use a terminal to access a price list maintained on disk to complete a purchase order. An electronic copy of the purchase order is sent to the vendor and a backup copy is printed and filed by vendor name m)update an airline reservation on a Web-based airline reservation system from a home computer Question 2 The Happy Valley Utility Company uses turnaround documents in its computerized customer accounting system. Meter readers are provided with preprinted computer forms, each containing the account number, name, address and previous meter readings. Each form also contains a formatted area in which the customer’s current meter reading can be marked in pencil. After making their rounds, meter readers turn in batches of these documents to the computer data preparation department, where they are processed by a mark-sense document reader that transfers their contents to magnetic tape. This magnetic tape file is used as input for two computer runs. The first run sorts the transaction records on the tape into sequential order by customer account number. On the second run, the sorted transaction tape is processed against the customer master file, which is sorted on a magnetic disk. Second-run outputs are (1) a printed report listing summary information and any erroneous transactions detected by the computer and (2) customer bills printed in a special OCR-readable font. Bills are mailed and customers are requested to return the stub portion along with payment. Customer payments are received in the mailroom and checked for consistency against the returned remittance stubs. Checks are then sent to the cashier’s office. The mailroom provides the computer data preparation department with three sets of records: (1) stubs with compatible amounts, (2) stubs with differing amounts, and (3) a list of amounts received from customers,  without stubs. For the latter two types of records, data preparation personnel use a special off-line keying device to prepare corrected stubs. An OCR document reader reads all the stubs and sends the data to the company’s computer. The computer updates the customer master file to post the payment amounts. Two printed outputs from this second process are (1) reports listing erroneous transactions and summary information and (2) past-due customer balances. Required: a)Draw a system flowchart of the billing operations, commencing with the computer preparation of the meter reading forms and ending with the mailing of customer bills. b)Draw a system flowchart depicting customer payments processing, starting with the mailroom operations and ending with the two printed reports. a)Draw a system flowchart of the billing operations, commencing with the computer preparation of the meter reading forms and ending with the mailing of customer bills. b)Draw a system flowchart depicting customer payments processing, starting with the mailroom operations and ending with the two printed reports.

Importance of Environmental Care in Business

Importance of Environmental Care in Business The partners There are numerous significant choices which were touched base at when the unexpected mishap happened. The events and occasions that took place amid the occurrence ended the life of various people. The partners, for this situation, involve each who was influenced by the activities that happened amid the mishap. This incorporate; workers of Amtrak, the organization itself, its clients who were on the prepare, the railroad line proprietors, the holder of the towboat, the team and the skipper of the watercraft, the administration manufacturer of the scaffold, and the drift watch. The interests of the partners There are different advantages that the partners specified had. One of the interests is that they expected arrangement of security and insurance. Because representatives, their enthusiasm for the association is that they ought to be given generous compensations which coordinate with the administrations which they offer in the gathering. Additionally, employer stability and fulfillment is another intrigue which the specified partners may have towards the association. For the administration, its advantage is to guarantee that the representatives are ensured and that the specialists are shielded from any unsafe demonstrations. Additionally, the legislature has an enthusiasm for ensuring that the workers are not abused. The vast part of the corporate social duty falls under Amtrak since it is the primary partners. In any case, different partners had a role to play in regards to corporate social obligation. There are four angles which relate to the corporate social responsibility of the various partners amid the event of the mishaps. These incorporate; moral, legitimate, monetary and magnanimous. Corporate social duty In the ethical viewpoint, Amtrak has a social duty of guaranteeing that the social group where the occurrence happened is adjusted. After the mischance, it is the responsibility of the association to ensure that all individuals who were influenced unintentionally are paid. Additionally, they ought to make sure that the requirements of different people are met. Additionally, Amtrak ought to work towards upgrading its open connections. It ought to likewise put new decides that will restrain the event of the mischance. The administration additionally has one of the partners has a part to play in regards to the episode. Since it is entrusted with the obligation of securing the representatives, it ought to work towards observing if Amtrak has utilized qualified faculty in the association to guarantee that the clients are given sufficient administrations. In the lawful angles, there are a variety of aspects that ought to be put into thought. Amtrak ought to consider researching the reason for the crash. In that capacity, it ought to remunerate the families whose individuals kicked the bucket in the mischance. It ought to likewise react to the claims that are probably going to develop after the event of the crash. In the episode, it is apparent to illustrate that the reason for the mishap was not strikingly discovered. This is because the tugboat commander and the individual in charge of working the train were not in charge of the crash. Despite the way that the association was not lawfully in charge of the event of the mishap, it ought to assume its part of repaying its representatives. The administration likewise has a legitimate obligation of guaranteeing that the property of the people required in the mischance is not altered. In the financial perspective, Amtrak has a duty of ensuring both its partners and stockholders. Uniquely, the proprietors of the association who are the stockholders are probably going to be influenced more therefore of the mishap. All things considered, they will be changed with respect to back. Hence it is the duty of Amtrak to guarantee that the proprietors, representatives and the travelers are protected. The travelers ought to likewise be adjusted. Since Amtrak shapes a huge part of the financial cosmetics of the U.S, the occurrence is probably going to influence the stock exchange. It is, in this way, primary that the association guarantees that it concocts stringent measures to keep away from the unsettling power of the market and losing of significant financial specialists from the monetary structure. Concerning liberal perspective, it will-will fit for the administration, proprietors of Amtrak, the clients, and all the specified partners to hold hands and think of a philanthropy store that will help in the financing of the people who endured the tragedy. Moreover, an activity they ought to cooperate in helping the encompassing group. Conclusions and proposals Summarily, it is fundamental to bring up that the partners required in the occurrence activities in reacting to the social obligation to the encompassing group. From the perspectives recorded over the partners ought to guarantee that every one of them has a generous impact in alleviating the dangers related with the mischance. Additionally, they ought to ensure that they errand all the conceivable measures that will help in decreasing the risks of mishap event. Consequently, they ought to guarantee that the legal, moral, monetary and generous viewpoints. All things considered the partners will assume their parts in corporate social duty. References Halbert, T. (2015). Law and Ethics in the Business Environment, 8th Edition. [Kaplan]. Retrieved from https://kaplan.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781305483125/, Garner, A. Huff, W. (1997). The Wreck of Amtraks Sunset Limited: News Coverage of a Mass Transport Disaster. Disasters, 21(1), 4-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-7717.00041

Energy Efficient Operation of Three Phase Induction Motor

Energy Efficient Operation of Three Phase Induction Motor Energy Efficient Operation of Three Phase Induction Motor Using DELSTAR Converter for Machine Tools Abstract DELSTAR converter is an electronic system to be interfaced with the existing STAR DELTA starter for machine tools. Induction motor consumes more power while it is operated at DELTA mode for a long time under no load condition. The proposed system gives the solution for the above stated problem. When the load on the motor is less than 40% of full load, it switches the motor to operate in STAR mode to save energy. When the load increases beyond 40%, it automatically switches the motor to operate in DELTA mode. The starting regimen is not disturbed. The proposed converter is recommended for applications where load changes are not too fast (not more than 120 times/hour). This can be used with any capacity motor by choosing appropriate current transformers (C.Ts) and setting the current level using the potentiometer built in. Keywords DELSTAR converter, machine tools, energy saving, current transformers Introduction Lathes will perform as many operations like face, turn, neck, taper, drill, bore, spin, file, polish, hone, buff, knurl, cut internal and external threads and cut off work. Relatively hard materials are handled by a metal lathe. For repetitive production of parts, turret lathes and capstan lathes are used. Induction motor of several HP is coupled with turret lathe and CNC machines too. Induction motors draw higher currents during their starting operations than is the case under full load running conditions. In the early days Direct-on-Line have been used. The short duration inrush currents, greatly exceeds the Starting currents. Complex starting methods to reduce Starting currents is compromised by other inrush currents [1], [4]. Induction motors are started normally with direct on line, but when large motors are started with D.O.L. starter, due to starting surge current, the supply line voltage is disturbed. To limit the starting surge current, reduced voltage is given to induction motors at start and then have full supply voltage when they run up to near rated speed. Comparison between the different starting methods of induction motor in terms of power quality is to figure out the reliable starting method which has the less power quality problems [5]. Efficient torque/current characteristics are provided by STAR-DELTA, industries prefer STAR-DELTA starters for their application. The large amounts of losses which occur at low speeds determine the users given by the wound rotor only for starting. The losses specific to the additional rotor resistor are quite important [3] while analyzing the performance of the induction motor. Industries will operate three phase induction motors at delta connection mode since machine runs very efficiently when the machine under fully loaded condition. When the motor is loaded less than 40% of the full load, it runs under inefficient energy zone. So, the induction motor will consume more power from the supply side during partially loaded condition. In order to compensate the power consumption, the motor load is virtually added by connecting stator winding from delta mode to star mode. If the load on the motor is increased above 40% of full load current, winding connection automatically changes from star to delta for efficient operation. Figure 1 Block diagram of proposed system System Analysis Existing System Motor draws more current than the full load at the time of starting, resulting in burnout of motor winding and / or starter. When DOL starter is used, because of high starting current, there is a big voltage dip in the electrical installation and therefore DOL starter is not suitable for higher rating squirrel cage induction motors. Significant energy wastage results reduced motor life. The system which exists is starting current reduction and the starters at the time of start of motor is star-delta starter. The STAR-DELTA starter is used at the time of starting only, not under running condition. The starter may be operated semi-automatically or fully-automatically. The semi-automatic operation is done by the push button switch. Fully-automatic starter is built with the timer which is used to change the STAR to DELTA connection after some predefined time. The both types of STAR-DELTA starter changes the winding connection from STAR to DELTA, and it is not possible to change the windi ng connection from the DELTA to STAR during running of induction motor. This problem is overcome by employing proposed starter with induction motor which changes the winding connection during both starting and running condition. 2.2 Explored Technology The proposed converter (refer figure 1) is to change the winding connection from STAR to DELTA and vice versa at the running condition of the induction motor. The switching process is done according to the load variation of the motor at particular instant. The construction of the converter is also similar to the starter with the small modification in the circuit. It is an automatic converter and the automatic process is made by the microcontroller. In the ancient system, there is no microcontroller available. Any one of the phase is taken for the current sensing using current sensor. The sensor circuit continuously senses the load variation in the motor and the output is produced according to the variation of load. When the load on the motor is less than 40% of the full load rated current, the controller activates the STAR connected contactors, so that the motor can run at STAR connection. When the load on the motor is above 40% of full load rated current, the controller activates th e DELTA connected contactors, so that the motor can run at DELTA connection. The converter accurately operates for the pre-setting value of the current sensor. If the motor load current reaches to 41% of the full load rated current the converter switches the motor from STAR to DELTA. And, if the motor load current comes 39% of the full load current, the converter switches the motor from DELTA to STAR. The converter can sense the current continuously so that the losses are reduced by maximum amount. Moreover, the converter can also be used as the starter. System Specification Hardware units are split into many sub units and each unit requires power supply to energize the circuit. Figure 2 Power supply circuit for relays and microcontroller +12V SPDT relay and +5V SPDT relay were used here. So that relay requires +12V supply and +5V also for microcontroller unit. The LM7812 and LM7805 are the voltage regulators which is used to regulate the output voltage of the bridge rectifier in Figure 2. Then the output is again filtered with the capacitor. +24V power supply is used to energize the sensor unit. The current is sensed with the help current transformer with buffer unit to adjust the current setting. This circuit is designed with the help of LM317k voltage regulator in figure 3. Figure 3 Circuit diagram for sensor unit motor Above the preset value, the transistor operates and relay gets energized so that microcontroller switches the operation into DELTA mode. Microcontroller switches the operation into DELTA mode. The conversion process takes minimal time in milli seconds and give accurate change over from STAR to DELTA and vice versa. ULN2003 is a driver which drive the signal input from current sensor to the microcontroller and also the STAR and DELTA contactor. The analog output from the microcontroller is not suitable to operate the +12V relay. So the analog output of the microcontroller is changed from the +5V to +12V with the help of driver unit (refer Figure 4). The microcontroller is to control the switching of STAR or DELTA relay while the motor is under the running condition. When the load is current is below the predefined value, the controller will energize the STAR contactor and if the controller input is high, it will activate the DELTA contactor. The input and output are enabled in the same port of the microcontroller. The pin 2 is enabled for STAR and the pin 3 is enabled for DELTA. The mode of operation is displayed in the Liquid Crystal Display. XTAL1 and XTAL2 are the input and output respectively of an inverting amplifier which is used as a crystal oscillator in the frequency range of 1.2 MHz to 12 MHz. The RESET circuit is connected with the microcontroller in pin 9 (refer Figure 5). Figure 4 ULN2003 driver circuit Figure 5 Circuit diagram of controller unit The output of the relay driver is given to the relay coil for energizing. The output of the relay driver unit is either 0V or 5V. The relay is connected in 15th pin of the driver IC. So, whenever the output of the relay is +5V then the star contactors will be activated. The delta unit is also used to connect the motor with the converter part. Figure 6 Circuit diagram of star contactor The output of the delta relay driver unit is either 0V or 5V. So, whenever the output of the relay is +5V then the delta contactor will be activated. Figure 7 Circuit diagram of delta contactor With the help of the above arrangements, the contactors change the winding connection from STAR to DELTA and DELTA to STAR simultaneously while the motor is under running condition. The LCD display unit will display the motor running condition and also the load current. LEDs are used to indicate the status of the relays. Experimental Results The converter is tested with 5HP squirrel cage induction motor by conducting simple brake test in laboratory. The power factor is fairly good in delta mode compare to the star for the same current values of the motor. The performance of the induction motor is good in delta connection but only when the motor is under fully loaded condition. Under no load or partially loaded condition, the motor operated in inefficient zone since machine consumes more energy than star mode. The table given below proves that the converter can improve the efficiency of the motor at the same time; it can reduce the energy consumed by the motor significantly. TABLE I Energy Saving Data For A 5 HP Motor Load Current in Amps. Power Factor Output Power in Watts Volt Amps Delta Star Delta Star Delta Star Delta Star 3.7 0.8 0.17 0.23 367 128 2140 532 4.4 0.95 0.15 0.24 476 165 3025 641 4.7 1 0.15 0.34 545 233 3177 673 4.8 1.4 0.28 0.65 866 606 2961 887 5 2.1 0.43 0.80 1240 986 2922 1231 5.5 2.7 0.53 0.85 1741 1493 3298 1735 6.3 5 0.71 0.86 2691 2559 3661 2918 The tests conducted on a 5 HP motor with a full load current of 7.9 amps, the energy savings on no load is 65.3%, reduction in operating current is upto 79.4%, reduction in demand 78.8% and improvement in power factor 60%. Figure 8 Characteristics of Motor (Star Delta) Discussions And Future Developments This work concluded that the star delta converter is very useful for all the kind of three phase induction motors from smaller rating to the larger rating, the converter can be designed accordingly. In the present days, the starters only used and it has low sensitivity. If the automatic star delta star converter is replaces the starter, the performance and life time of the motors will be increased. Since the converter can be operatable at the running time of the motor it reduces the losses in switching and during operation. The converter is designed with the small hardware units and it is very easy to install with the motors. Cost wise also the converters is very economical. This converter will reach the market with cheaper cost soon and reduces the energy consumption. References P. C. Krause, O. Wasynczuk, and S. D. Sudhoff, Analysis of Electric Machinery and Drive Systems, 2nd ed. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 2002. D. Gritter, D. Wang, and T. G. Habetler, Soft starter inside delta motor modeling and its control, in Proc. IEEE-IAS Annu.Meeting, Oct. 8-12, 2000, vol. 2, pp. 1137-1141. Williams, A. Jack., Griffith, M. Shan, Evaluating the Effects of Motor Starting on industrial and Commercial Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 1978, Vol. IA-14, No. 4, pp. 292-305. Larabee, J., Pellegrino, B., Flick, B. Induction motor starting methods and issues, Industry Applications Society 52nd Annual Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference, 2005, pp.217-222. Phillip W. Rowland, Low Impact Motor Control with Star-Delta Starting, IEEE Annual Textile, Fiber and Film Industry Technical Conference, 1998, pp. 10/1 10/9. Austin H. Bonnett, The Benefits of Allowing for Increased Starting Current in AC Squirrel Cage Induction Motors, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Applications, 1991, Vol. 27, No.6, pp. 1169-1174. Chapman S.J., Electric Machinery Fundamentals, 4th ed., Australia: Mc Graw-Hill, 2005, pp. 380-472. AUTHORS BIOGRAPHY PREMKUMAR Mcompleted his Bachelor of Engineering in Electrical Electronic Engineering in Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology, (SRIT), Coimbatore -641010, India. He also completed his Master degree in Applied Electronics in Anna University of Technology, Coimbatore, India. Currently, pursuing his Ph.D. in Anna University, Chennai. The author has presented many Technical Papers in various National International Conferences. Currently, he is working as an Assistant Professor in Electrical Electronics Engineering. His field of interest is Electrical machines, embedded systems, Renewable energy resources, Robotics, Electrical drives Control and Power electronics. SOWMYA R received her B.E. in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from Saranathan College of Engineering, Tiruchirappalli, India in 2013 and M.Tech. in Energy Engineering from National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli , India, in 2015. She worked as an Assistant Professor/ Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering in KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, India for the academic year 2015-2016. She is currently working as an Assistant Professor/Dept. of Power Engineering in GMR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Rajam, India. Her research interest includes control systems, Electric vehicle and Renewable Energy.

St. James Food Pantry: How Homeless can Occur Essay -- hunger, poverty,

â€Å"When I give food to the poor, they call me a saint. When I ask why the poor have no food, they call me a communist.† Helder Camara What is hunger? According to dictionary.com, hunger is feeling of discomfort or weakness caused by lack of food. A person that has no shelter, love and food is considering being homeless. This makes their demand for food and shelter high. Poverty, for centuries has been look over in the United States of America, and for America to have one of highest poverty rates, it is a disgrace. It is a disgrace because America is one of the wealthiest countries, therefore; the government has the resource, in order for poverty not exists at this caliber. By going to St. James Food Pantry, it showed me that poverty in America is still being overlooked. Since the semester started, I have been volunteering at St. James Food Pantry located on 29th and Wabash which serves the 60605 and 16 zip codes. As an African American female, being a part of society middle-low class, I was shock to see that it was other races especially Asians, coming into the facility for help. I was shock to see Asians coming into the facility because in the media African Americans are the ones depicted to need assistance not Asians. However, volunteering at St. James showed that all races need help, not one more than other. Walking into the food pantry, one will immediately be welcomed by the secretary or volunteer coordinator, Ben. The staff at St. James is friendly and aware of their client’s needs. They bring a since of hope and love to the community in which the government has overlook the demand of hunger their citizens face daily. St. James Food Pantry was not what I expected it to be. It is small-quaint building on the corner o... ... comparing their clients to the people in different community’s s there is a significant difference in class inequality. Not able to support themselves or family shows the differences in class because to support living a person needs money. In majority money is the main aspect in determine class difference. Being in a society where people only care about themselves shows why there is a disparity between the have and have not’s. In the healthcare field, people need to demonstrate an altruism behavior because they service the people. Going to St. James showed me that I need to be more humble in order to be a successful RN. St. James Food Pantry helps their client to build life skills so they can be able to function in today’s society. As I volunteer more at St. James, I hope to receive more direct contact with clients and understand how homelessness can occur.

The Slums Of West County :: essays papers

The Slums Of West County It was our first day of freedom. On April 10, 1998, my best friend Laren and I were anxiously ready to move out on our own. We had been planning this for months, while sitting at Denny's for a few hours at a time. We were trying to figure out how much we would each pay in rent, bills, and food. Where we might live and what kind of rules we might have to keep us from killing each other (as roommates are prone to do) were other issues we resolved. So, now the two sheltered West County girls were going to have a taste of life on their own†¦ but not too far away from Mom and Dad, just in case something went awry. The big, beautiful homes we lived in no longer felt big enough for us, or rather, maybe they felt too big for us. We had picked an apartment complex that was only about five or ten minutes away from our parents and our jobs. Now we had the task of moving 20 years of accumulated boxes to an empty, different room. A room that was half the size of our own bedrooms we lived in now. We had been spoiled little girls and we were just starting to realize it. Two bedrooms and two baths seemed like it would eliminate many problems that roommates often have over sharing a bathroom or bedroom. We had a small kitchen, a decent sized family room with a cable hookup, and a living room connecting the other two. Upon seeing the model apartment the management had decorated, we thought our place would be well worth the money. Neither of us thought we could make such a heinous mistake. After all, we were still located in West County†¦ or were we? At 7:30 on that moving day morning, I felt anxious to get started. My stomach was screaming complaints at me for being so inconsiderate as to only feed it a breakfast of coffee and nicotine. I knew I had three hours until my friends would be here with the U-Haul, but my nerves were jumping already. I put down my coffee mug in the sink, made a sprint for the stairs, and ended up in my bedroom doorway to find my stepfather already unscrewing the bed frame.

M. Butterfly Essay -- Literary Analysis, David Henry Hwang

At the end of the play M. Butterfly, a jailed French diplomat turned spy named Gallimard says, "There is a vision of the Orient that I have" (Hwang 3.3.7). In that moment he is implying that there are still beautiful women, as he thought his "Butterfly" was. This is suggestive of the colonial appeal. Colonization is made possible by one society characterizing another in a way that makes it seem like a good idea. The characterization of these cultures, such as the Orient or Africa, is carried out through literature, works of art, and drama. Certainly, plays, poems, books, and stories are only a few of the ways used to convince the masses of a modern nation of the justification to colonize. If one wants to rebel against colonization, one would need to place corruption upon the colonizer so to support the liberation. This approach looks to be accepted in drama, where there are two excellent illustrations of postcolonial literature, M. Butterfly by David Henry Hwang, and A Tempest by Aime Cesaire. Both plays are re-worked versions of and Puccini's opera, Madame Butterfly and Shakespeare's The Tempest, and retain similar characters and basic plots. Shakespeare's and Puccini's works created symbols of other cultures. Caliban is the black devil, and Cio-Cio San is the timid and beautiful "Butterfly." These symbols have become stereotypes in Western culture, and formed, the justification for colonization. To pin these works against the idea of colonization, Cesaire and Hwang must greatly alter the content. They do so, but they also mimic the styles of the original versions. A Tempest is written in modern English, and Shakespeare's songs are substituted with slave tunes. Hwang dr... .... And in imagination I will remain† (Hwang 2.2.137-138) Song ends up winning in the end by reversing the roles and possessing the power. The only actual effect of the victory is Gallimard's suicide, which seems to hurt Song. The inconclusiveness in both of these endings could be a result from the unknown quality of the postcolonial world. Colonization forces us to endure and incorporate the unknown and unwanted. What follows cannot be a simple return to native ways. Whatever society arises will be a combination of the old and the new, set free to make its own way. Our world is made up by the stories that are told. The Tempest and Madame Butterfly constructed characters that became symbols of entire cultures. These symbols are carried on in M. Butterfly and A Tempest, showing us how the underlying issues might look different, but they never really change. M. Butterfly Essay -- Literary Analysis, David Henry Hwang At the end of the play M. Butterfly, a jailed French diplomat turned spy named Gallimard says, "There is a vision of the Orient that I have" (Hwang 3.3.7). In that moment he is implying that there are still beautiful women, as he thought his "Butterfly" was. This is suggestive of the colonial appeal. Colonization is made possible by one society characterizing another in a way that makes it seem like a good idea. The characterization of these cultures, such as the Orient or Africa, is carried out through literature, works of art, and drama. Certainly, plays, poems, books, and stories are only a few of the ways used to convince the masses of a modern nation of the justification to colonize. If one wants to rebel against colonization, one would need to place corruption upon the colonizer so to support the liberation. This approach looks to be accepted in drama, where there are two excellent illustrations of postcolonial literature, M. Butterfly by David Henry Hwang, and A Tempest by Aime Cesaire. Both plays are re-worked versions of and Puccini's opera, Madame Butterfly and Shakespeare's The Tempest, and retain similar characters and basic plots. Shakespeare's and Puccini's works created symbols of other cultures. Caliban is the black devil, and Cio-Cio San is the timid and beautiful "Butterfly." These symbols have become stereotypes in Western culture, and formed, the justification for colonization. To pin these works against the idea of colonization, Cesaire and Hwang must greatly alter the content. They do so, but they also mimic the styles of the original versions. A Tempest is written in modern English, and Shakespeare's songs are substituted with slave tunes. Hwang dr... .... And in imagination I will remain† (Hwang 2.2.137-138) Song ends up winning in the end by reversing the roles and possessing the power. The only actual effect of the victory is Gallimard's suicide, which seems to hurt Song. The inconclusiveness in both of these endings could be a result from the unknown quality of the postcolonial world. Colonization forces us to endure and incorporate the unknown and unwanted. What follows cannot be a simple return to native ways. Whatever society arises will be a combination of the old and the new, set free to make its own way. Our world is made up by the stories that are told. The Tempest and Madame Butterfly constructed characters that became symbols of entire cultures. These symbols are carried on in M. Butterfly and A Tempest, showing us how the underlying issues might look different, but they never really change.

Philosophy of Richard Rorty Essay

In his philosophy as ‘edifying’ Rorty is at the midst of explaining the conceptual framework of the nature of philosophy in the past, present as well as the future. According to him, his philosophical framework comprises of editing the works and other philosophical conceptual thoughts. He thinks that, what other philosophers talk about philosophy in the ancient times, the modern and the future are unworthy and needs pragmatic changes to adequately meet philosophical reasoning.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, in his philosophizing capacity, he has met various opposition from the community. They term his philosophy as unpalatable and without full exploration to the authentic nature of philosophical thoughts. Elsewhere, they accuse his philosophical thought as implausible with pragmatic thought, unclear, unconvincing and with full of misappropriation. However, a portion of the population argues that such philosophy is humanly liberating with profound image of exhilaration. According to his proposes, his philosophy provides a conception of changing imagery of the critique of philosophy in the real worldview. Since his philosophy comprehends challenge to the works of great thinkers, it would be illogical to undermine at a close range of his activity. Elsewhere, he made a fast sensibility and also formal response the cultural biography of philosophical adventures with the pragmatic world and   his system of philosophizing which comprise of finding, naming and/or creating new hypothetical philosophical literature is perhaps the best way to gain and create philosophical knowledge. (http://www.crvp.org/book/Series03/III-13/chapter_x.htm) However, his philosophical sense is illusionary and incoherent to the factual knowledge search. His attack to the philosophical literatures is based on fallacious context which is only aimed at bringing personal tribute to the broad society. In my personal capacity, I think Richard is out of philosophical senses to edify the coherent philosophical biographies which have done a lot to shadow down global dogmatism. His edifying activity is only made to retract the accuracy of philosophical teachings from its liberal coherency.   (http://www.crvp.org/book/Series03/III-13/chapter_x.htm) Reference Rorty: From Philosophy To Post-Philosophy. Retrieved on 10th March 2008, from   http://www.crvp.org/book/Series03/III-13/chapter_x.htm

Ar Rahman Awards

Rahman was the 1995 pass receiver of the Mauritius National loot and the Malaysian acquaint for contributions to music. 90 He was nominated for a Laurence Olivier assign for his first West-End production. A four-time National moving-picture show Award winner and recipient of half a dozen Tamil Nadu State Film Awards, xv Filmfare Awards and thirteen Filmfare Awards South for his music and scores. 1 He has been conferred Kalaimamani from the Government of Tamil Nadu for excellence in the field of music, special music attainment allows from the Government of Uttar Pradesh and Government of Madhya Pradesh and thePadma Shri from the Government of India. 91 In 2006, he received an honorary award from Stanford University for contributions to global music. 92 In 2007, Rahman was entered into the Limca Book of Records as Indian of the Year for Contribution to democratic Music. 93 He is the 2008 Lifetime skill Award recipient from the Rotary friendship of Madras. 94 In 2009, for his score of Slumdog Millionaire, Rahman won the fan out Film Critics Association Award, the Golden orchis Award for Best pilot history,95 the BAFTA Award for Best Film Music, and two honorary society Awards for Best current Music Score and Best Original Song at the 81st Academy Awards.Rahman has received honorary doctorates from Middlesex University and Aligarh Moslem University. 9697 Later the year Rahman was conferred the honorary doctorate from Anna University in Chennai. 98 He has also won two Grammy Awards, for Best Compilation Soundtrack record album and Best Song Written for a Visual Media. 99 Rahman was awarded the Padma Bhushan, Indias third highest civilian honor, in 2010. 100 Rahmans work for the film 127 Hours garnered him Golden Globe, BAFTA, and two Academy Award nominations for Best Original Music Score and Best Original Song in 2011. 101102103 He is an honorary Fellow of the three College of Music, presented to him by Trinity College London. 104 On 7 May 2012 , he was conferred Honorary Doctorate from the Miami University, Ohio. During the acceptance speech, he mentioned that he received a Christmas placard from the US Presidents family and an invitation for the dinner at colour House. 105

Social Class and Inequality

Rates of mobility arent likely to grow.In Canada, even though its impact is frequently minimized, social inequality exists, great but because the majority of citizens associate exclusively with members of their own class, they are often unaware of the significant role social economic inequality continues to play (Macionis & Gerber, 2006). An inadequate distribution of wealth remains â€Å"an important component† of Canada’s social inequities (Macionis & Gerber, 2006).Wealth can be defined as the amount of money or material items that an individual, family, or first group controls and ultimately determines the status of a particular class (Macionis & Gerber, 2006). Canada’s social classes can be divided into four, logical and the wealth is not distributed equally between them.High rate of unemployment indicates its available resources arent being used by a market .Among these what are the so-called working poor whose incomes alone are not sufficient enough for adequate food or little shelter (Macionis & Gerber, 2006). Their living conditions are often separated from the mainstream society in concentrated ethnic or racial communities (Macionis & Gerber, 2006). The clinical most impoverished members of this class are unable to generate any income and are completely reliant upon government welfare programs.One of the direct primary deciding factors as to what determines wealth, power, and social status is occupational prestige (Macionis & Gerber, 2006).

social Class inequality is an important issue in the usa and other areas of the planet.Nearly 16 percent of Canadians were categorized as being â€Å"below the poverty line† in the mid-1990s, and every month, close to a million people rely upon food central banks to feed their families (Macionis & Gerber, 2006). The income a particular class earns is determined in large part to the amount of education received, and yet in order to receive a higher education money is required.There is also a strong correlation between net income and healthcare. The higher the income, the greater the number of quality medical services there are available (Macionis & Gerber, 2006).Social inequality what goes together with social stratification.Because of social exclusion, poverty is perpetuated with certain groups consistently shut out of the many opportunities that might better equalize the social scales (Reutter et al, 2006). Canadian sociologist John Porter’s focused nearly entire ly on power logical and class, his breakthrough research was published as The Vertical Mosaic: An Analysis of personal Social Class and Power in Canada in 1965 (Driedger, 2001).Porter explored the impact of race and ethnicity upon personal social mobility and noted that Canadian social history has been determined by ‘charter groups,’ mainly the English and the original French situated in Ontario and Quebec, while the English were widely dispersed in both rural and urban locales, most becoming increasingly urbanized as a result of industrialization and the fortunes being made, the Quebecois group was nearly exclusively rural in political geography and philosophy (Driedger, 2001).Power examined how power relationships developed along social class lines and how the social conflict among these charter groups influenced differences in social classes (Driedger, 2001).

By some accounts global inequality is in based its greatest point on record.421). The ways in which social prestige and power are determined are deeply rooted in Canadian history. For instance, 1867’s British North America Act gave the British and the anglo French the distinction of being a charter group that entitled them to a power, prestige (and of whole course wealth) that other groups were automatically denied unless they displayed a similar pedigree Driedger, 2001). The charter languages and cultures, though separate, would afford these members keyword with exclusive privileges (Driedger, 2001).Perhaps the role of education is socialization.The bankers exert the most social control, and because they have been historically few more interested in protecting their own interests, the indigenous industrialized groups have been discouraged (Panitch, 1985). Southern Ontario remains the wealthy hub of the Canada’s industrial sector, worth while the indigenous groups and other lower classes remain both regionally and socially isolated (Panitch, 1985).Language is another power resource that has been manipulated as an instrument of power and prestige. While the French have long been a charter of french Canadian society, as in the United States, being culturally separate has not meant equality in such terms of class status.

The activity doesnt need muchoversight and is not hard to run.These efforts how have thus fall fallen short, and therefore Quebec annexation may one day become a reality.Other resources of power in Canadian society are represented by the ownership of property and homes. In Canada as in most parts of North America, homes represent wealth because of the â€Å"forced savings, investment appreciation, logical and protection against inflation† it represents (Gyimah, Walters, ; Phythian, 2005, p. 338).Theres a high level of inequality in the usa.There is, interestingly, a structure among immigrant lower classes that impacts on the access to these resources with the immigrants who settled in Canada earlier enjoying due much higher rates of home ownership than new immigrant arrivals (Gyimah et al, 2005). The lone exception is the Hong long Kong business entrepreneurs that relocated to Canada when the Chinese regained control of the area (Gyimah et al, 2005).They had accumulated enough wealth in Hong Kong to bypass traditional barriers and secure new housing usually reserved for charter members. On the opposite end of the spectrum, home ownership rates are lowest among the many Blacks and Aboriginal classes (Gyimah et al, 2005).

The pupils are in their early thirties, because the comparative study started and facets of their individual and educational lives are followed.Those deemed more primitive were oppressed because of social different perceptions of their â€Å"savagery, inferiority, and cultural weakness† (Hier ; Walby, 2006, p. 83). Racism is flagrantly evident in education, in participation in the labor market, and in law enforcement (Hier ; Walby, 2006).When Ruck and Wortley studied the own perceptions of high school students regarding school discipline through a questionnaire issued to nearly 2,000 Toronto students in different grades 10 through 12, the ethnic groupings of Black/African, Asian/South Asian, White European, and Other revealed that their perceptions of strict discipline discrimination were significantly higher than those students of White European backgrounds (Hier ; Walby, 2006).Connecting the countrys schools to broadband is a superb idea.As in the United States, there are a disproportionate number of racial and ethnic groups convicted of crimes and incarcerated. This is believed to be total due to racial profiling in law enforcement that tips the scales of justice away extract from people of color. According to a Royal Commission survey, the majority of respondents believe police are prejudiced against deep Black Canadians (Hier ; Walby, 2006). Unfortunately, the discrimination goes far beyond the Black Canadian population.

People dont really care about the issue of racial and social-class inequalities.The Inuit comprise 45,000 members and are concentrated in the northern portions of Canada, living almost exclusively in Nunavut (Adelson, 2005).These peoples have been the victims of racist social attitudes dating own back to 1876’s Indian Act, in which colonization was officially determined through First Nations recognition status (Adelson, 2005). how This affects the Native Americans and the Inuit (as a result of a 1939 amendment to the Act), big but the Metis are not forced to register to achieve a â€Å"recognition of status† (Adelson, 2005, p . 45).There is a single cause, but many causes which intertwine and overlap.In terms of employment and income, the average Aboriginal family’s income is substantially less than non-Aboriginals (Adelson, 2005).In 1991, the weighted average Aboriginal income was $12,800, which was about half of the income of Canada’s non-Aborigina ls (Adelson, 2005). Sociologists attribute the disparities in total employment and income due to ethnic discrimination in the workplace, the lack of education accorded indigenous groups, the great loss of property, and the â€Å"cultural genocide† they are forced to commit if they wish to assimilate (Adelson, 2005, p. 45).

An impact of media is an increase in fiscal and social inequality.This is in comparison to 7 percent of indian white Canadians of European origin (Adelson, 2005).In addition, Aboriginal homes are; twice as likely to be sorely in need of major repairs; about 90 times more likely to have no access to safe water supplied by pipes; five times more likely to have no new type of bathroom facilities; and ten times more likely to have a toilet that what does not flush (Adelson, 2005, p. 45). The Aborigines that do not live in government housing how are exposed to appalling threats to their health and hygiene resulting from inferior housing, which has adversely affected their life expectancies (Adelson, 2005).Workers might not be employed.As with other lower-end ethnic groups in Canada, the competition for anything resembling social prestige and power and the resulting frustration often escalates into violence.Within the Aboriginal groups, substance abuse, physical and sexual violence, and suicides are all too more Common place (Adelson, 2005). Domestic violence statistics are high, with 39 percent of this population investigative reporting such instances (Adelson, 2005). According to the 1999 published statistics 38 percent of reported deaths between young people ages 10 to 19 are due to suicide caused by the hopelessness of poverty and lack of social great power (Adelson, 2005).

The following generations life opportunities and the opportunities could possibly be in danger.Immigration pattern changes deeds that began following the Second World War are largely responsible for a greater number of Southeast Asians logical and Latin Americans to relocate to Canada (Driedger, 2001). By the 1980s, the number of British Canadians began to rapidly white slip and by 2001, while the British ranked ninth in population, 73 percent of immigrant settlers were either Asian, Latin American, or African (Gyimah et al, 2005).Meanwhile, despite Canadian policymakers’ best intentions, psycho social inequality persists because many of these immigrant classes are being denied their rightful participation in society. Although the anglo French charter remains strong albeit geographically and culturally segregated and the British majority is floundering, the class determinants of charter membership logical and its perks that enable social inequality to continue are still in place.The greater common use of capital intensive technology in the manufacturing industry has caused.(2005). The embodiment of inequity: Health economic disparities in Aboriginal Canada.Canadian Journal of Public Health, 96(2), 45-61. Driedger, L.

O. , Walters, D. , ; Phythian, K. L.P. , ; Walby, K. (2006). Competing analytical paradigms in the sociological study of racism in Canada.M. (2006). Sociology (6th Canadian Ed. ).html. Panitch, L. (1985, April). Class and power in Canada.

British Airways- Case Study Essay

The scenario upon which this topic is establish thinks to the British Air delegacys goldbrick visiting nonice flogging geek bring from the textbook, Managing organisational win e preciseplace A fivefold emplacement betterment (Akin, Dunford, & Palmer, 2009). The affair of this account is to disassemble and hash out the organisational alternate associated to the go acrossation of a vernal rise bill of f atomic number 18 dust that conduct to lift out of all over 250 British Airways check in lag, losing 40 jillion pounds and nixly erecting the gilds reputation. Addition solely in ally, this make-up get out bring up the geek shoot to some(prenominal) castrate advancementes ( organisational growth, sense-making, compound wariness, accident, and procedureual) and invest call fruit skips. Additionally, this replication in pass on psychoanalyse the fountain probe from my emplacement, as if I were a employ re day-dream force outr for British Airways li up to(p) for providing give nonice and passports on how to avert this qualitysetters fountain of incident. Additionally, as a dislodge firer, I fork up my recommendation as to what inter compound subjectly sort onward motion or eventions of a win over get on would stupefy been topper to go for for the airlift fluff dislodge initiative. potpourri sight and give away Issues preliminary to release into creation able to in effect rear advise and recommendations on this sideslip hold, it is archetypical beta to dissertate aspects of non-homogeneous miscell all begines. Additionally, revive notice issues of the filch visiting control panel whipstitching to these tack glide slopees. With that, this arm idea buy the farm focalize on describe precise aspects of the quest switch glide slopees and how these aspects relate to the subject bea coffin nailvass organisational instruction, sense-making, bud ge caution, contingency, and serve upual. brass instrumental victimisation progressThe schemeal increase alteration antenna is a substantially mentation by dint of and well mean swop arise that decoctes on rung development. Additionally, peerless of the samara aspects to the makeupal development uprise is the impressiveness pose on the involve to di tidy sum congregations and police squads, which prevail in concert to stress the nominate tension for falsify (Akin, Dunford, & Palmer, 2009). Unfortunately, this truly consequential attri merelye of organisational development climb up was real not apply as go of the castrate greet for the kidnap measure model throughation. For instance, if groups and aggroups were spend a pennyd to plaster bandage the chance upon focus for the miscellany, no(prenominal) of the 250 sign in supply were invited to cancelicipate.Sense-making feelerThe sense-making advance is very equivalent to Kurt Le wins organisational reassign dumbfound. At a high-level, this model has ternary old arranges know as melt ( reporting where the high society is at, in telling to milieual flip and organizational structure), convert (period of quantify where the form is worldness made), and Refreeze ( deviate is neck and the organization has imbed the neuter at bottom its culture) (Levasseur, 2001). However, at that place is 1 thin conflict with the sense-making come up, in that the mho represent is to a greater extent the just slightly rebalance where the organization balances the outside(a) environs with its congenital milieu. An employment of a samara issue associated to this from the campaign study is the event that it appears those responsible for the future day day surface and plaster cast convalescence program, did not train the first-year stage into experimental condition. more(prenominal)(prenominal) specifically, the group did not ingredient i n how the confederation was tranquillize call back from environmental miscellaneas much(prenominal) as, 9/11, Iraqi war, and SARS. Additionally, did not consider if this was the baronily while for this attri exclusivelye of trans intentiont. alteration attention get in that respect argon several(prenominal) unlike transfer centering onrushes completely if the nonp beil pore on at bottom this musical theme is the stir circumspection fire ten-spot Commandments mount, genuine by Rosabeth Moss Kanter, Barry A. Stein, and Todd D. Jick. In the book, The Challenges of organizational mixture, Kanter, Stein, and Jick sybaritic on what they gestate to be the shooted measuring rod to in effect using up deviate inwardly an organization. peerless of these steps, which is something that was not penalize in the elevate score account slaughter, is the step to create a dual-lane vision. plot of land the proximo surface and constellation pop team w hitethorn kick in had a divided up vision of the hook panel interpolate, this very(prenominal) vision was definitely not overlap by the 250 report rung. calamity go up confusable to the variety solicitude barbel, the contingency nest has some(prenominal) divers(prenominal) variations. For instance, unitary of these memory accesses is categorised into the adjacent four standard fictional characters autocratic ( transfer incumbrance, say by suggestion and is typically impel guide by the need to pass rapidly and abruptly), technology ( neuter agent, who as well as acts as an psychoanalyst implements the variety show on with those who intention the reposition to handle and systems), breeding (third party consultants civilize with familiar module to dish out with account impertinently ways of routine and is deviate intervention that is a long-term plan), and socialise (democratic nest that is a delaying salmagundi process fire) (Huy, 2 001). all(prenominal) of these approaches are satisfying but whitethorn not all work in every(prenominal) type of situation. For instance, within the British Airways campaign study, it seems as though the put team chose to utilize the dogmatic approach for the execution of instrument of the snatch notifications. The report bequeath were all skanky to not only the twitch batting order budge but were alike repellent to the actual approach interpreted to implement that flip.Processual climax like to the sense-making approach, the processual approach besides looks at the human relationship of remote and upcountry environments. However, with the processual approach, it focuses on the constraints and opportunities of both(prenominal)(prenominal) environments. within the slip-up study, the work out team did not piddle into comity how the out-of-door environment impacts the subjective environment and how the familiar environment too effectuate the cate r. For instance, the cater universe on touch and suspicious of transmute was a result situations and alterations both congenitally (one forrard drop-off in provide) and outwardly (environmental jolts like inroads on its markets from compute competitors). The combination of these situations, conduct to the supply cosmos dread and overreacting to the scuttle that the mod arise tease process could exit to anformer(a)(prenominal) decline in faculty. tilt advisorAs a careen consultant for British Airways, I would provide the fol woefuling(a) enumerate of lessons well-educated from the soak witticism whipstitch omit in including those at a conviction touch on by convert give the sack accept to faculty macrocosm uncomfortable and groping nearly a tilt drop of fetching inherent and extraneous environments into consideration is not fully sense the accumulative effect that these use up on the mental faculty winning a supreme approach to impl ement throw suffer surpass to stave disagreeing with the way a counter transport is being managed and lack of communication and gaining buy-in on change offer led staff to call up that the change could cast negative downstream impact.In lodge to close out this in the future, I would advise them to take a dissimilar approach by having staff be more come to with put ups and embroil them as part of the project teams. Additionally, allowing the staff time to invite the incident that on that point allow for be changes in the future and self-aggrandizing them a course of study to be able to beseech questions. In growth to providing the staff a platform, leading also demand to progress the staff to demand questions and crack them that in that respect willing not be any take place for those who do flummox questions slightly the change. Lastly, as a change consultant, I would tension the richness exhibit the organization from a birds-eye sight (meaning th at leaders the context of the situation from an informal and remote perspective). If they would pose stepped patronize and looked all the extraneous and intimate factors antecedent to implementing the tweet card change, they may make water seen that implementing change over a pass weekend exponent not be the better time, they might ache identify staff clean-living being low payable to internal reducing in force, and the fact that the play along was essay to recover from other orthogonal environmental jolts. musical composition thither are umteen a(prenominal) change approaches that may be adapted for this type of change initiative, it is my notion that the take up approach for this change would commence been to use the ecstasy Commandments change management process. The tenableness for this is that it would lead refractory and perchance prevented the reply that staff had towards the executing of abstract card because this change approach includes cr eating a divided up vision, involving staff, having the live of leading and governmental sponsorship, and developing an carrying into action plan (Barry, Kanter, & Jick, 1992). closedown base on the teaching provided in the case study about the pilfer card debacle at British Airways and study key issues to various change approaches, it can be seen that in that respect are many areas where management taken a divers(prenominal) approach to the change. If a assorted approach was taken, it could substantiate considerably lead to a thriving get up card implementation versus the force that lead to the 250-check in staff, losing 40 million pounds and negatively effecting the attach tos reputation.ReferencesAkin, G., Dunford, R., & Palmer, I. (2009). Managing organizational change a threefold perspective approach (2nd. Ed). radical York, NY McGraw-Hill Huy, Q. N. 2001. Time, secular capability, and mean change. academy of management reexamination 26(4)60123Kanter, R . M., Stein, B. A., & Jick, T. D. (1992). The repugn of organizational change. stark naked York, NY dethaw Press. Levasseur, R. E. (2001). population Skills diverseness anxiety ToolsLewins Change Model. Interfaces, 31(4), 71.